Quadrangular Castle

The Quadrangular Mardakan Fortress, also known as the Great Mardakan Castle, is a prominent historical monument situated in the Mardakan settlement of the Khazar district in Baku, Azerbaijan. Constructed between 1187 and 1188 under the orders of Shirvanshah Akhsitan I, the son of Manuchihr III, this structure serves as a testament to the architectural school of Shirvan-Absheron. Built primarily from limestone, the fortress was originally designed as a defensive stronghold to commemorate Akhsitan's military victories. Its strategic importance was further recognized in 2001 when it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Reserve List alongside other coastal defense constructions of the Caspian Sea.

Architecturally, the castle is defined by its distinct quadrangular shape, featuring a central courtyard measuring 24 by 20 meters. The complex is dominated by a towering donjon that rises 22 meters high, offering superior architectural development compared to the nearby Round Mardakan Castle. The outer walls are fortified with semi-circular blind towers positioned at the corners and along the perimeter, enhancing its defensive capabilities. Throughout history, the site has served multiple functions, acting as a military observation post, a defensive barrier, and a noble residence, reflecting the evolving needs of the region over the centuries.

Today, the Quadrangular Mardakan Fortress stands as a preserved monument of world importance, officially listed by the Ministry of Culture of Azerbaijan. It has been repurposed for cultural education and currently operates as a museum, allowing visitors to explore its rich heritage. Despite its age, the structure remains a significant example of medieval Azerbaijani engineering and continues to attract those interested in the historical defense systems of the Absheron Peninsula.

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