Ziwiyeh

The Castle of Ziwiyeh is an ancient citadel located on a mountaintop near Saqqez in the Kurdistan province of Iran, situated approximately 50 kilometers from the city and south of Lake Urmia. Rising to an altitude of 1,835 meters, this archaeological site dates back to the first millennium BC, specifically serving as a significant center during the 9th century BC. Historically, it functioned as the capital for the Mannaeans before becoming a primary residence and stronghold for the Medes and Scythians. The site holds considerable historical weight due to its association with these early civilizations and a notable siege by Scythian forces around 700 BC. Excavations at the location have yielded remarkable artifacts, including a famous golden necklace engraved with mythical animals, which are now preserved in various museums.

Architecturally, the fortress was originally a three-story structure featuring twenty-one stone stairs with stone foundations and adobe walls. The first level likely served a religious purpose as a temple, while the second floor contained interconnected rooms painted in blue, cream, black, and brick colors, possibly housing military personnel given the discovery of bronze arrows. The third floor, known as the ruler's residence, included large halls with stone capitals and storage areas designed for security during sieges. Although the building is currently partially ruined, sections have been somewhat rebuilt by the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization. Today, the site remains open to the public, offering visitors a glimpse into the region's deep historical roots and ancient architectural ingenuity.