Tsutsujigasaki

Tsutsujigasaki Yakata, located in the center of Kōfu within Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, served as the fortified residence for the final three generations of the powerful Takeda clan. Constructed in 1519 by Takeda Nobutora, this flatland-style complex functioned as the administrative heart of Kai Province during the Sengoku period. Unlike traditional Japanese castles built on mountain peaks for natural defense, Tsutsujigasaki was situated on a gentle slope in the Kōfu Basin, a location contemporaries initially considered indefensible. To compensate, Nobutora established nearby mountain fortifications as supporting redoubts. The site featured two main enclosures surrounded by a triple series of moats, comprising both flooded and dry sections. The central area housed the ruler's private residence, while the western enclosure facilitated public administration and was protected by distinctive two-story fortified gates.

The historical significance of Tsutsujigasaki is deeply tied to the Takeda clan's unique military philosophy, famously summarized as making men their castle, walls, and moats. Although technically a yakata or mansion rather than a proper castle, it is recognized as one of Japan's Top 100 Castles due to its importance. The residence remained in use until 1594 before falling into ruin. Today, the grounds are preserved as a National Historic Site, a designation granted in 1938. The ruins are open to the public and currently contain the Takeda Shrine, a Shinto site dedicated to the deified spirits of the clan leaders who once ruled from this strategic base. Visitors can view surviving moats and models that illustrate the original layout of this pivotal historical landmark.