Castle of Penas Róias

The Castle of Penas Róias is a medieval fortress located in the civil parish of Penas Roias, within the Mogadouro municipality of the Bragança district in Portugal. Perched atop a hill, the structure historically offered strategic views of neighboring fortifications, including the castles of Miranda do Douro and Outeiro. Construction traditionally began in 1166, although deteriorated inscriptions on the donjon suggest dates ranging from 1172 to 1181. The site holds significant historical value dating back to proto-historical occupations, though it was abandoned during the Roman invasion before being reclaimed during the Christian Reconquest. Initially linked to the Knights Templar and later donated to the Order of Aviz in 1145, the castle played a vital role in securing the region's borders following the independence of the Kingdom of Portugal.

Throughout the medieval era, the castle witnessed various royal interventions, including repopulation efforts under King Sancho I and the transfer of domain to the Order of Christ by King Dinis in 1319. It received multiple charters, notably in 1272 and 1521, and was depicted with extensive walls in the early 16th-century Book of Fortresses. However, centuries of neglect led to severe decay, leaving the majority of the complex in ruins by the twentieth century. Recognizing its cultural importance, the Portuguese government classified the site as a National Monument in 1945. Subsequent restoration works carried out between 1977 and 1978 repaired the walls and keep. Today, while largely ruined, the castle remains a protected historical landmark featuring surviving medieval walls, turrets, and a prominent tower.