Castle of Cuppa

The Castle of Cuppa is a medieval fortress situated on Mount Mavrovouni in the center of the Greek island of Euboea, specifically southwest of the village of Vrysi. First mentioned in historical records during the 13th century, the structure played a pivotal role in the military conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the Lombard lords of the Triarchy of Negroponte. Its strategic importance is highlighted by a turbulent history of ownership; it was captured by the Byzantine commander Licario in 1269, reclaimed by Frankish forces three years later, and potentially retaken by the Byzantines around 1276. During the 15th century, the site served as the official residence for two Venetian captains governing the district of Avlonari, underscoring its administrative significance under Venetian rule before the Ottoman expansion.

The fortress met a tragic end in 1470 when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire during the Siege of Negroponte, an event reportedly marked by the massacre of approximately 3,000 local Christians. Regarding its current condition, the castle has suffered significant degradation over the centuries. While substantial fortifications and the main keep survived until the 19th century, these structures have since disappeared. Today, only fragments of a wall incorporating ancient spolia remain at the site. Despite the loss of the main edifice, the location retains spiritual relevance due to a nearby hagiasma located within a cave. This natural shrine, which contains traces of both ancient and medieval construction, continues to function as an active chapel, preserving a link to the area's long religious history.